Volleyball

Introduction

Volleyball is a high-energy team sport played by two teams of six players separated by a net. The sport was originated in 1895 in Holyoke, Massachusetts by “William G. Morgan”, a physical education director of YMCA. He named the sport Mintonette which was played as a pastime by any number of players. After its first exhibition match held in 1896, it was named as Volleyball by an observer “Alfred Halstead.” The first world championship for men was held in 1949 and in 1952 for women. The sport is also a part of summer Olympics since 1964. The international federation of the sport FIVB was founded in 1947.

Objective

To score more points than the opponent team by hitting the ball above and over the net so that the opponent team can’t return the ball.

History of Volleyball

Volleyball was developed in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical chief of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was structured as an indoor game for representatives who found the new sport of basketball excessively vivacious. He called the game "mintonette,"until an educator from Springfield College in Massachusetts saw the volleying thought of play and proposed the name of "volleyball." Morgan composed the first principles and imprinted in the original adaptation of the Handbook of the Athletic League of the YMCA North America (1897). The game a little while later exhibited to have tremendous interest for the two sexual orientations in schools, play zones, the military, and distinctive relationship in the United States, and it was subsequently familiar with various countries.

In 1916 guidelines were issued together by the YMCA and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The first competition in the United States was directed by the National YMCA Physical Education Committee in New York City in 1922. The United States Volleyball Association (USVBA) was formed in 1928 and was perceived as the principles making, administering body in the United States. From 1928 the USVBA—presently known as USA Volleyball (USAV)— has directed men's and senior men's (age 35 and more seasoned) annual national volleyball titles, except amid 1944 and 1945. Its ladies' division began in 1949, and a senior ladies' division (age 30 and more seasoned) was included in 1977. Part gatherings of the USAV direct other national occasions in the United States, for example, the YMCA and the NCAA.

Volleyball came into Europe with American troops amid World War I when national associations were shaped. The Fédération Internationale de Volley Ball (FIVB) was founded in 1947. The USVBA was one of the 13 registered individual associations from the FIVB, whose enrollment developed to over 210 part nations by the late twentieth century.

Global volleyball games started in 1913 with the first Far East Games, in Manila. Amid the mid-1900s and proceeding until after World War II, volleyball in Asia was played on a bigger court, with a lower net, and with nine players in a group.

The FIVB-supported world volleyball titles (for men just in 1949; for both genders in 1952 and succeeding years) prompted acknowledgement of institutionalised playing principles and directing. Volleyball turned into an Olympic game for both sexes at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo.

European titles were for quite some time overwhelmed by Hungarian, Czechoslovakian, Bulgarian, Polish, Romanian, and Soviet (later, Russian) groups. At the world and Olympic dimension, Soviet groups have won more titles, the two men's and women's, than those of some other country. Their prosperity was credited to far-reaching grassroots intrigue and efficient play and guidance at all dimensions of expertise. An exceptionally pitched Japanese ladies' group, Olympic heroes in 1964, mirrored the enthusiasm of private industry in game. Young ladies working for the supporting organisation dedicated their extra time to moulding, group practice, and competition under a master and requesting training. Encouraged by the Japanese Volleyball Association, this current ladies' team transformed global competition, winning the World Championship in 1962, 1966, and 1967, in spite of the 1964 Olympics. Toward the finish of the twentieth century, in any case, the Cuban ladies' team commanded both the World Championships and the Olympics.

The Pan American Games from every federation/region (i.e. South, Central, and North America) recognised volleyball as a sport in 1955, and Brazil, Mexico, Canada, Cuba, and the United States became frequent contenders for best positions.

Variants

Beach Volleyball

Beach Volleyball is a very famous variant of volleyball and is played between two groups of two players each. Even though it is roused from volleyball, it is formally perceived by FIVB as a different game. A sport stimulated from beach volleyball is played in an indoor sand court and is called indoor sand volleyball. 

Sepak Takraw

Sepak Takraw is an ancient game played hundreds of years prior in the Philippines, Indonesia and Laos and is prevalent crosswise over Asia. The principles are fundamentally the same as that of volleyball, and then again, actually players don't utilise their hands yet shoot a conventional rattan ball with their heads, middles and legs. 

Shooting Volleyball

This is an Indian variation of volleyball and is additionally played in parts of Pakistan. An additional seventh player in each group remains close to the net and is known as the net man. He shoots the ball as high as could be expected under the circumstances and entices the rivals into making a fault. The ball is like handball.

Sitting Volleyball

In this type of volleyball, players sit and play volleyball in a little 10 x 6-meter court. Even though players sit amid the game, it is a fascinating quick-paced sport and requires great stamina and ability. Sitting volleyball event for people is incorporated into Summer Paralympics. 

Aquatic Volleyball

Aquatic volleyball is played in shallow pools or shallow shorelines. It is additionally called pool volleyball or aqua polo. 

Other Different varieties

There are different varieties of volleyball like Wallyball, nine-man; played crosswise over Asia and the United States. A portion of these was customarily played, and some developed to suit their inclinations. These games are played with various types of balls, handballs, medicine balls and so forth. A portion of these are performed in courts of various estimations, some even in a racquetball court. Some others are played with more players.

Participants

Two teams of six players compete against each other. Five main positions are to be filled on every team at the elite level: Setters, Middle blockers/Middle hitters, Liberos, Outside hitters/Left side hitters and Opposite hitters/Right-side hitters.

Equipment

Net

• Net is one meter long and 9.5 to 10 meter wide. It is tied vertically over the centre line of the court to posts fixed at either side of the court, at a separation of one meter from the sidelines. The centre of the net should lie 2.43 meter over the ground for men and 2.24 meter for ladies. Along the edges the net might be higher by a limit of 2cm, anyway it ought to be tied at similar tallness at both the posts.
• The court width is set apart on the net with tape, and an adaptable antenna of one meter reaches out from the tape marker on the two sides of the net. These markings help the ref decide when the ball goes outside the court.

Ball

• Volleyball is a circular ball of 65-67 cm periphery. It is made of leather or any manufactured material and weighs 260-280 g.

• Volleyballs are accessible in different hues, anyway for worldwide competitions, FIVB endorsed balls should just be utilised.

Other Equipment

• Players of a group are consistently wearing pullovers, shorts, socks and game shoes. Shirts of each group has an alternate shading.

Playing Area

The playing area includes a rectangular court and the free zone. The court measures 18 x 9 m and is divided into equal halves by a net measuring 2.43 m above the court for men’s competitions and 2.24 m for women. The height of the indoor volleyball court must be minimum 7m. The halves are further divided into two halves (the front row and the back row) by the attack line on both sides of the net (3 m from the net). The court is surrounded by a free zone which is a minimum of 3m wide on all sides.

Techniques

Serve

Service is done from behind the end line of the court after which the player lands inside the court. The objective of the serve is to drive the ball inside the opponent’s court. A serve is called an ace if the ball directly lands onto the court or lands outside the court (behind the end line) after being touched by an opponent. The types of serve are underhand, float, topspin, jump serve and jump float.

Pass

It is a form of attack or an attempt of properly handling the opponent’s serve. This technique not only includes preventing the ball from landing onto the court but also making it reach the setter’s position.

Set

It is the second contact made by a team with the ball. The technique of setting is used to put the ball in the air in such a way that it can be driven into the opponent’ court by an attack.

Attack

It is usually the third contact made by a team with the ball. The goal of this technique is to hit the ball in such a way that it lands on to the opponent’s court without being defended. The types of attack are backcourt/pipe attack, dip/dink/dump, line and cross-court attack, off-speed hit, tool/wipe/block-abuse, quick hit/one, slide and double quick hit/stack/tandem.

Block

Blocking is a technique in which the team standing near the net tries to stop or alter the opponent’s attack by hitting back the ball as soon as it has crossed the center line. Blocking can be offensive or defensive.

Dig

It is a technique in which players dive or get down low on the court to stop the ball from touching the ground and try to get the ball to enough height so that it can be passed on by his team. A dig is called a “pancake” when a player slides his/her hand under the ball that is almost touching the court.

Officials

Referees

There are two referees present during a volleyball match. The first referee stands on a raised platform at one end of the net and is the incharge of the match who has final authority over all decisions. The second referee stands on the other side of the net and is responsible for signaling faults, violations and authorizes game interruptions, substitutions and timeouts. 

Scorer

Records the points scored, timeouts, records misconduct warnings, the final result and checks that substitutions are legal.

Assistant Scorer

Records the details of the Libero replacements, operates the manual scoreboard, starts and ends the timing of technical time-outs.

Libero Tracker

Responsible for tracking each team’s libero on the libero tracking sheet.

Line Judges

Usually two or four line judges check for any line faults including the foot faults of the server.