Ski Jumping

General Rules

Scoring

Each skier is scored based on the distance covered and style of takeoff, flight and landing. They are awarded 60 points if they land on the K-line of the normal and large hills and 120 points in case of flying hills. For longer or shorter jumps, 2 points per meter are added or deducted in small hills, 1.8 points per meter in large hills and 1.2 points per meter in ski flying hills. Each of the five judges can award up to 20 points each to the skier based on his/her style of flight, landing, balance and good body position.

Low BMI

The skiers with low BMI (Body Mass Index) are not allowed to participate with the standard size skis. They are penalized with a shorter maximum ski length so that the aerodynamic lift they can achieve can be reduced.

Officials

Jumping Judges

Five judges are responsible for judging each jump independently from other judges and award points to the skiers. Up to 20 points may be awarded by each judge to the skier based on his style, balance, body position and landing.

Events

Individual Event

It consists of two jumps from normal (K90) hill and large (K120) hill.

Team Event

It consists of a competition on large (K120) hill only.

Techniques

V-Style

In this technique, the skiers spread the ski tips outwards making a 'V' shape with the skis. This technique exceeds the distance of the take-off hill by about 10% in comparison to the previous techniques used that were Kongsberger, Windisch and Dascher or parallel techniques. This technique was originated by Miroslaw Graf of Poland and was recognized as a valid technique in the 1990s.

H-Style

This technique is a combination of the parallel and V-style techniques in which the skis are held parallel and wide apart in an 'H' shape.

Participants

Male and female athletes compete as individuals or as teams in ski jumping competitions.

Playing Area

Ski jumping competitions take place on snow-covered hills. It consists of an in-run (which is a specially constructed takeoff ramp) where the skier runs down before the jump, a landing slope and an out-run which may be flat or uphill which allows the skier to stop. The course consists of a construction point (K-point) where the skiers land and which is used for scoring the distance covered by the skiers.

The small hills have a hill size of around 50 m with the K-point at around 44m, the medium hills have the hill size of 50-84 m with the K-point at 45-74m, the normal hills have the hill size of 85-109 m with the K-point at 75-99m, and the large hills have the hill size of 110-184 m with K-point at 100-169m. The hill size of more than 185 m with the K-point at more than 170m is called the ski flying hill.

General History

In recent years, ski bouncing has advanced immensely with various jumping techniques enabling jumpers to accomplish ever more noteworthy separations/distances.

The beginning of ski jumping can be followed to Ole Rye who bounced 9.5m in 1808. Norwegian Sondre Norheim is generally viewed as the father of current ski jumping. In 1866 he won what has been portrayed as the world's first ski jumping competition with prizes, held at Ofte, Høydalsmo, Norway.

After World War I, Thulin Thams and Sigmund Ruud built up another jumping style known as the Kongsberger Technique. This included jumping with the chest area twisted at the hips, a wide forward lean, and with arms reached out at the front with the skis parallel to one another. Utilising this method, Sepp Bradl of Austria turned into the first to jump in excess of 100 meters when he bounced 101 meters in 1936.

In the mid-1950s, Swiss jumper Andreas Daescher turned into the first jumper to hold the arms in reverse near the body with an increasingly outrageous forward slender. At that point in 1985, Swedish jumper Jan Bokloev began spreading the tips of his skis into a "V" shape. At first derided, this system demonstrated was so effective that by 1992 every Olympic medallist were utilizing this style.

Ski jumping has been a piece of the Olympic Winter Games since the primary Games in Chamonix Mont-Blanc in 1924. The typical hill competitions was incorporated on the Olympic program for the 1964 Innsbruck Games. From 1988, the group/team occasion was included as a third challenge.