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Basketball
| Governing Body: | Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball (FIBA) |
Basketball Rules
Violations
Violations are infraction of the rules governing how the ball can be handled. The ball must be advanced towards the basket by being dribbled, rolled, shot, passed between players, thrown or tapped. The ball must stay within the court; if the ball travels out of bounds, then the last team to touch it forfeits possession. The ball must not be kicked, nor be punched with the fist.
Fouls
A foul occurs when a player breaks a rule. A player may be disqualified from the match after making five or six fouls. Two main types of fouls are-
Personal Foul
It is an infringement of rules that includes illegal personal contact with an opponent like charging, blocking, screening, pushing, holding and illegal use of hands, elbow and legs or knees.
Technical foul
It is an infraction of the rules that doesn’t involve personal contact during the play but includes fouls like unsportsmanlike conduct. This type of foul can be assessed against a player, any official present in the match or even against the crowd. These fouls are more serious than a personal foul and include profane language used by a player or an official, fighting, time-wasting and illegal substitutions.
Game Rules (major changes in rules)
| Year | Changes in Rules |
|
1894 |
Free throws were first introduced to the game. |
|
1897 |
Five players became the necessary team size. |
|
1909 |
Players were allowed to dribble the ball in a game. |
|
1913 |
The out of bound rule was modified to the current version, i.e. the team which last touched the ball before it goes out of bounds loses its possession. |
|
1932 |
The midcourt line was established to eliminate stalling in a game. |
|
1936 |
The three-second area was created to prevent the offensive players to gather around the basket and hence eliminate rough play. |
|
1944 |
The goaltending rule was adopted that made it illegal for a defensive player to touch the ball on its downward flight. |
|
1945 |
The substitution rule was reinstated, stating that a player can re-enter the game an unlimited time. |
|
1949 |
Coaching during a game was allowed. Strangely, before this rule was applied, no coaching was granted during a game. |
|
1960 |
The sudden death was replaced by overtime periods. |
|
1977 |
The NBA adopted the three-point shot. |
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